{"id":660,"date":"2018-07-18T15:04:55","date_gmt":"2018-07-18T20:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/?page_id=660"},"modified":"2026-06-11T14:54:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T19:54:02","slug":"data-articles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/data-articles\/","title":{"rendered":"Articles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/03\/J-Policy-Anal-Manage-2025-Krause-Obtaining-Comparable-Measures-of-Organizational-Performance-An-Application-to-U-S-1.pdf\">\u201cObtaining Comparable Measures of Organizational Performance: An Application to U.S. Federal Agencies, 2002-2024,\u201d<\/a> (with George A. Krause),\u00a0<i>Journal of Policy Analysis and Management<\/i> 45(1):1-20 (2026)<a href=\"https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/MDHRH5\"> [Data]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/03\/PSC_S1049096526101875_FN.pdf\">\u201cPresident Trump and the Federal Personnel System: Theory and Practice,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0<i>PS: Political Science &amp; Politics<\/i>, forthcoming (2026)<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/04\/spending_employment_data_1940_2025.xlsx\"> [Data]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/03\/measuring-the-impact-of-appointee-vacancies.pdf\">&#8220;Measuring the Impact of Appointee Vacancies on U.S. Federal Agency Performance,&#8221;<\/a> (with Mark D. Richardson and Chris Piper), Journal of Politics, forthcoming. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/1E8HF3\">[Data]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/03\/presidential-investment-in-the-administrative-state.pdf\">\u201cPresidential Investment in the Administrative State,\u201d<\/a> (with Nick Bednar) <em>American Political Science Review<\/em>, 118(1):442-57(2024)<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/EAHO3I\"> [Data]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/american-political-science-review\/article\/presidential-investment-in-the-administrative-state\/783E4194CF89A89624ACC7050BAB4618\">[Webpage]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Lewis_et_al-2013-Presidential_Studies_Quarterly.pdf\">\u201cThe Independent Agency Myth,\u201d<\/a> (with Neal Devins), <em>Cornell Law Review<\/em>, forthcoming. <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/04\/The-Independent-Agency-David-Lewis.zip\">[Data]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2022\/06\/vacancies_jpart_final_6_7_22.pdf\">\u201cDo Vacancies Hurt Federal Agency Performance?\u201d<\/a> (with Christopher M. Piper), <em>Journal of Public <\/em><em>Administration Research &amp; Theory <\/em>33(2):313-28 (2023). [<a href=\"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/p_l_jpart_self_perf_public_replication_data\/\">Data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/codebook-for-agency-performance-data_060222\/\">Codebook<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/p_l_v_p_2022_analysis_060222\/\">STATA batch file for all analysis<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/piper_lewis_jpart_figures\/\">R code for figures<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/p_l_replication_readme\/\">Readme for replication<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/psq.12697-1-3.pdf\">&#8220;The Very Best People: President Trump and the Management of Executive Personnel.&#8221;<\/a> (with Mark D. Richardson) <em>Presidential Studies Quarterly <\/em>51 (1): 51-70 (2021).<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/2016PlumBook_115th_Congress_070720.xlsx\"> [Data]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Presidentially-Appointed-Positions-Dataset-Codebook_2016_115th_Congress_050221-1.pdf\">[Codebook]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/ChokePointsPaperFinalweb.pdf\">\u201cExecutive Control and Turnover in the Senior Executive Service,\u201d<\/a> (with Kathleen Doherty and Scott Limbocker) <em>Journal of Public Administration Research &amp; Theory<\/em> [<a href=\"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/\">Data request\u2014IRB restrictions<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/09\/Lewis_et_al-2018-Presidential_Studies_Quarterly1.pdf\">\u201cPresident Trump as Manager: Reflections on the First Year.\u201d<\/a> (with Patrick Bernhard and Emily H. You) <em>Presidential Studies Quarterly <\/em>48(3):480-501. [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/LBY-2018-figure2-and-appendix-A.xlsx\">Data for Figure 2 and Appendix A]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/richardsonclintonlewis2018.pdf\">\u201cElite Perceptions of Agency Ideology and Workforce Skill.\u201d<\/a> (with Mark D. Richardson and Joshua D. Clinton) <em>Journal of Politics<\/em> 80(1):303-7 (2018). [Ideology estimates] <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/ideologyestimatescodebook.pdf\">[Ideology estimates codebook<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/rcl_skills_estimates.zip\">Skills estimates<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/skillestimatescodebook.pdf\">Skills estimates codebook<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/56EZPS\">Dataverse page link<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/jpart-online-pdf-wood-lewis.pdf\">\u201cAgency Performance Challenges and Agency Politicization.\u201d<\/a> (with Abby K. Wood) <em>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory<\/em> 27(4):581-95 (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/dmn6tsh4uo8jxl9rs76pkj631rue5ktc\">[Data]<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/FOIA-Data-Codebook-Wood-Lewis-Final1.docx\">Codebook<\/a>] <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/woodlewisfoia2018.zip\">[STATA batch file for replication]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/lewisselin.pdf\">\u201cPolitical Control and the Forms of Agency Independence.\u201d<\/a> (with Jennifer L. Selin) <em>George Washington Law Review<\/em> 83(4\/5):1487-1516 (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/selin_indep_data.zip\">[Selin data]<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/selin_indep_codebook.pdf\">Selin data codebook<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/faculty.missouri.edu\/~selinj\/data.shtml\">Selin website<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Hollibaugh_et_al-2014-American_Journal_of_Political_Science-1.pdf\">\u201cPresidents and Patronage.\u201d<\/a> (with Gary E. Hollibaugh, Jr. and Gabe Horton), <em>American Journal of Political Science <\/em>58(4):1024-1042 (2014).<a href=\"https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/23302\"> [Data]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/cls_ajps_replication_files-1.zip\">\u201cInfluencing the Bureaucracy: The Irony of Congressional Oversight.\u201d<\/a> (with Joshua D. Clinton and Jennifer L. Selin), <em>American Journal of Political Science <\/em>58(2):387-401 (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/cls_ajps_replication_files-1.zip\">[Replication files]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Lavertu_et_al-2013-Public_Administration_Review.pdf\">\u201cGovernment Reform, Political Ideology, and Administrative Burden: The Case of Performance Management in the Bush Administration.\u201d<\/a> (with St\u00e9phane Lavertu and Donald P. Moynihan) <em>Public Administration Review<\/em> 73(6):845-57 (2013).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/bertellilewis2013.pdf\">\u201cPolicy Influence, Agency-Specific Expertise, and Exit in the Federal Service.\u201d<\/a> (with Anthony M. Bertelli) <em>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory<\/em> 23(2):223-245 (2013). <a href=\"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/\">[Data request\u2014IRB restrictions<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Krause_et_al-2013-Journal_of_Policy_Analysis_and_Management.pdf\">\u201cPolitics Can Limit Policy Opportunism in Fiscal Institutions: Evidence from Official General Fund Revenue Forecasts in the American States.\u201d<\/a> (with George A. Krause and James Douglas) <em>Journal of Policy Analysis and Management<\/em> 32(2):271-95 (2013). [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/w7a7h6rpj5bzq9vbpkr21bh09bxeiq7f\">Data]<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Institutional-Design-Political-Context.Data-Codebook.08-06-12.Finalized.07-01-2015.pdf\">Codebook<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/e2ztk3mfchxvwxopz84crlbof42nifmr\">Output<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/sgk8sjon0l41lkvief980feb7muwfrdz\">STATA batch files<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Lewis_et_al-2013-Presidential_Studies_Quarterly.pdf\">\u201cThe Invisible Presidential Appointments: An Examination of Appointments to the Department of Labor, 2001-2011.\u201d<\/a> (with Richard W. Waterman) <em>Presidential Studies Quarterly<\/em> 43 (1): 35-57 (2013).<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/06\/Labor_Resumes_coded-3-28-12-LewisandWaterman-1.xlsx\"> [Data]<\/a> <a href=\"\/Users\/creaghm\/OneDrive%20-%20Vanderbilt\/Desktop\/lewisandwatermaninvisibleappointees.do\">[STATA batch file]<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/waterman-lewis-output-032812.zip\">Output<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Labor_Resumes_coded-3-28-12-LewisandWaterman.xlsx\">Resumes<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/coding-instructions-for-resumes.docx\">Coding instructions<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/personnel-process-2012-Presidential_Studies_Quarterly.pdf\">\u201cThe Personnel Process in the Modern Presidency.\u201d<\/a> <em>Presidential Studies Quarterly<\/em> 42(3):577-96 (2012). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/growth-in-appointees.xls\">Data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/psq-2012-figures.xlsx\">Figures<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Clinton_et_al-2012-American_Journal_of_Political_Science-1.pdf\">\u201cSeparated Powers in the United States.\u201d<\/a> (with Joshua D. Clinton, Anthony M. Bertelli, Christian Grose, and David C. Nixon) <em>American Journal of Political Science<\/em> 56(2):341-54 (2012). [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/t1it9a450ugr8y9yjm4a9ixhnj7evp0y\">Estimates<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/gallolewis2012.pdf\">\u201cThe Consequences of Presidential Patronage for Agency Performance.\u201d<\/a> (with Nick Gallo) <em>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory<\/em>. 22(2): 219-243 (2012). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Complete_PART_Score_Data-122109-1.xlsx\">Data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/ctpyp86g7qvhew8y1trfjdel8f980zkc\">STATA batch file<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/annurev-polisci-appointments-and-personnel-lewis.pdf\">\u201cPresidential Appointments and Personnel.\u201d<\/a> <em>Annual Review of Political Science <\/em>14 (June):47-66 (2011).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/PSM-Lewis-IPMJ.pdf\">&#8220;Measurement and Public Service Motivation: New Insights, Old Questions.&#8221;<\/a> <em>International Public Management Journal<\/em> 13(1):1-10 (2010).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/lewis-forum-submission.pdf\">\u201cModern Presidents and the Transformation of the Federal Personnel System.\u201d <\/a><em>The<\/em><em>Forum<\/em>, 7(4): Article 6 (2010). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/growth-in-appointees1.xls\">Data for Figure 1<\/a>] [Data for Figure 2]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/LEWIS-2009-Presidential_Studies_Quarterly.pdf\">\u201cRevisiting the Administrative Presidency: Policy, Patronage, and Administrative Competence.\u201d<\/a> <em>Presidential Studies Quarterly<\/em> 39 (1):60-73 (2009).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/ohlewis2008.pdf\">\u201cManagement and Leadership Performance in the Defense Department: Evidence from Surveys of Federal Employees.\u201d<\/a> (with Major Paul S. Oh, U.S. Army) <em>Armed Forces and Society<\/em> 34(4): 639-661 (2008). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/militaryleadershipongoing.xls\">Data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/militaryleadership.zip\">STATA batch file<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/militaryleadership-2.zip\">STATA output<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Not-So-Independent-Agencies_-Party-Polarization-and-the-Limits-of.pdf\">\u201cNot-So Independent Agencies: Party Polarization and the Limits of Institutional Design.\u201d<\/a> (with Neal Devins) <em>Boston University Law Review<\/em> 88(2):459-98 (2008). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/irctimetomaj1215071.xls\">Data<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/expert_opinion_agency_characteristics_and_agency_preferences.pdf\">\u201cExpert Opinion, Agency Characteristics, and Agency Preferences.\u201d<\/a> (with Joshua D. Clinton) <em>Political Analysis<\/em> 16(1):3-16 (2008). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Estimates-of-Agency-Preferences-0707-4.xls\">Agency ideology estimates<\/a>] <a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/qsbfpftvftsyut853oy9nr2zs0u9m2kx\">[Raw data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/clinton-lewis-codebook.pdf\">Codebook<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Expert-Survey-Data-0707-2.xls\">Expert survey<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/TowardABroader.pdf\">\u201cToward a Broader Understanding of Presidential Power: A Re-Evaluation of the Two Presidencies Thesis.\u201d<\/a>\u00a0 (with Brandice Canes-Wrone and William G. Howell) <em>Journal of Politics<\/em> 70(1):1-16 (2008). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/twopres.xls\">Data<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/pendletonspremise.pdf\">\u201cTesting Pendleton\u2019s Premise: Do Political Appointees Make Worse Bureaucrats?\u201d<\/a> <em>Journal of Politics<\/em> 69(4):1073-88 (2007).\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/indepthmanagement070906.zip\">[PART Data-STATA]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/indepthmgt070906.xls\">[PART Data-Excel<\/a>] <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/PART-Management-Grades-Dataset.pdf\">[codebook]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/mgttvc.zip\">[Time-varying covariates]\u00a0 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/bureauchief1.zip\">[STATA batch file]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Gilmour_et_al-2006-Public_Administration_Review.pdf\">\u201cDoes Performance Budgeting Work? An Examination of OMB\u2019s PART Scores.\u201d<\/a> (with John B. Gilmour) <em>Public Administration Review<\/em> 66(5):742-52 (2006). [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/nm2vc5ggeshrnvh4wpardkt7awcxt8s3\">Data<\/a>]<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/apsa2005fix2.zip\">[Managers data]<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/gilmourandlewisPAR.zip\">STATA batch file]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/apsa2005.zip\">[Budget and performance data]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/krause-et-al-2006.pdf\">\u201cPolitical Appointments, Civil Service Systems, and Bureaucratic Competence: Organizational Balancing and Gubernatorial Revenue Forecasts in the American States.\u201d<\/a> (with George Krause and James Douglas) <em>American Journal of Political Science<\/em> 50(3):770-87 (2006).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/orgbalancing.10-07-05.zip\">[Data]<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/KLD-Codebook.doc\">Codebook<\/a>] [STATA batch file]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/MeritApptSystem.Timewise.Results.Tables1-4.7-29-05.zip\">[Stata output]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Additional-Data-KLD-2006.zip\">[Additional data &#8211; excluding certain cases]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Output-for-auxiliary-analyses-KLD-2006.zip\">[Auxiliary output]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Batch-files-for-auxiliary-analyses-KLD-2006.zip\">[Auxiliary analyses]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/gilmourlewis2006.pdf\">\u201cAssessing Performance Budgeting at OMB: The Influence of Politics, Performance, and Program Size.\u201d<\/a> (with John B. Gilmour) <em>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory<\/em> 16(2):169-86 (2006). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/JPART-errors-note.docx\">Note<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/zwt1al1t219strpypv3hcs4q39rch3et\">Data\u2014cohort 1<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/abc3y8d2vcorbpxuoq7lwctsdiwigb3k\">Data \u2013cohort 2<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/gilmourlewisappointees2006.pdf\">\u201cPolitical Appointees and the Competence of Federal Program Management.\u201d<\/a> (with John B. Gilmour) <em>American Politics Research<\/em> 34(1):22-50 (2006). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/partscores060803.zip\">PART data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/gilmourtv.zip\">Time-varying covariates]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/management.zip\">[STATA batch file<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/LEWIS-2005-Presidential_Studies_Quarterly-1.pdf\">\u201cStaffing Alone: Unilateral Action and the Politicization of the Executive Office of the President, 1988-2004.\u201d<\/a> <em>Presidential Studies Quarterly<\/em> 35(3):496-514 (2005). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/economictv2.xls\">Data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/psqeop031105-3.xls\">Data-time-varying covariates<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/vanderbilt.box.com\/s\/ugex6pwpyatxd7natptvvmvmuaronvs0\">STATA batch file]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/div-class-title-political-learning-from-rare-events-poisson-inference-fiscal-constraints-and-the-lifetime-of-bureaus-div.pdf\">\u201cPolitical Learning from Rare Events: Poisson Inference, Fiscal Constraints and the Lifetime of Bureaus.\u201d<\/a> (with Daniel C. Carpenter) <em>Political Analysis<\/em> 12(3):201-32 (2004). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/durdatacarp.xls\">Data\u2014Excel<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/carpenterpa1.zip\">Data\u2014STATA<\/a>] <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/durdatacarp.zip\">[STATA batch file<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/Note-on-data-use-CarpenterLewis.docx\">Note<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/adverse_consequences_of_the_politics_of_agency_design_for_presidential_management_in_the_united_states_the_relative_durability_of_insulated_agencies.pdf\">\u201cThe Adverse Consequences of the Politics of Agency Design for Presidential Management in the United States: The Relative Durability of Insulated Agencies.\u201d<\/a> <em>British Journal of Political Science<\/em> 34:377-404 (2004). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/durdata51.xls\">Data\u2014Excel<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/durdata51.zip\">Data\u2014STATA<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/durdata51-2.zip\">STATA batch file<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/durdata51.xls\">Note<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/beamerlewis.pdf\">\u201cThe Irrational Escalation of Commitment and the Ironic Labor Politics of the Rust Belt.\u201d<\/a> (with Glenn Beamer) <em>Enterprise and Society<\/em> 4(4):676-306 (2003). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/steeldur1.zip\">Data\u2014Mills<\/a>] <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/steelmaker.zip\">[Data\u2014Companies]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/steeldur1.zip\">[STATA batch file<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/howelllewis2002.pdf\">\u201cAgencies by Presidential Design.\u201d<\/a> (with William G. Howell) <em>Journal of Politics <\/em>64(4):1095-1114 (2002). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/DesignDataHowellLewis.xls\">Data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/HowellLewisfigurescreationtermination4697.xls\">Figures<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/jop1102.zip\">STATA batch file<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/agencyimmortality2002.pdf\">\u201cThe Politics of Agency Termination:\u00a0 Confronting the Myth of Agency Immortality.\u201d<\/a> <em>Journal of Politics<\/em> 64(1):89-107 (2002). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/immortalityjopdata.xls\">Data<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/rawdatafig1fig21.xls\">Figures<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/immortjop.zip\">STATA batch file<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/strinelewis1996.pdf\">&#8220;What Time Is It? The Use of Power in Four Different Types of Presidential Time.&#8221;<\/a> (with James Michael Strine) <em>Journal of Politics<\/em> 58(3):682-706 (1996). [<a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/t2-my\/my-prd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2018\/07\/veto.xlsx\">Data<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cObtaining Comparable Measures of Organizational Performance: An Application to U.S. Federal Agencies, 2002-2024,\u201d (with George A. Krause),\u00a0Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 45(1):1-20 (2026) [Data] \u201cPresident Trump and the Federal Personnel System: Theory and Practice,\u201d\u00a0PS: Political Science &amp; Politics, forthcoming (2026) [Data] &#8220;Measuring the Impact of Appointee Vacancies on U.S. Federal Agency Performance,&#8221; (with Mark&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1282,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-660","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-httpss3-amazonaws-comvu-mywp-contentuploadssites41120180716141446woodlewisfoia2018-zip"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1282"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=660"}],"version-history":[{"count":183,"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1358,"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/660\/revisions\/1358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/my.vanderbilt.edu\/davidlewis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}