Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who have experienced failure of TNF antagonist (aTNF) therapy are a difficult-to-treat population with a notable unmet medical need. Centrally read endoscopy demonstrates reduced placebo remission rates as low as 0%–8% in this population (1,2). HICKORY OLI evaluates etrolizumab in patients intolerant/refractory to aTNFs.