Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two major diseases that make up the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies indicate that several genes, in addition to those involved in the modulation of the immune response, are differentially expressed in patients with CD. vs UC. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of gene expression and their role in human diseases, including inflammatory and chronic degenerative diseases, have indicated miRNAs as ideal candidates for diagnostic biomarkers, prognostics and potential therapeutic targets.