Epidemiological studies have associated proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy with osteoporotic fractures, but it is not clear if PPIs directly cause osteoporosis. We evaluated the effect of dexlansoprazole and esomeprazole on bone turnover, bone mineral density (BMD), true fractional calcium absorption (TFCA), serum and urine levels of minerals, and levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in healthy postmenopausal women.