Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proved its efficacy for treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, but an effective FMT protocol is still yet to be found for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). We previously demonstrated that fresh fecal-microbiota transplantation (FMT) following triple-antibiotic therapy [amoxicillin, fosfomycin, and metronidazole (AFM); A-FMT] induced dramatic changes in the phylum Bacteroidetes, which constitutes a critical factor correlated with clinical responses.