The morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference has evolved considerably in recent years. M&M was originally developed by surgeons and anesthesiologists to investigate negative “end results.”1 M&Ms were intended to be an open discussion of error and harms aimed at determining root causes and the means to prevent poor outcomes.1,2 In practice, M&Ms generally examine adverse events, often with discussion of individual responsibility for errors, but rarely model how to recognize error.2,3 The focus of the modern M&M, however, is shifting.