Enteropathy and small-intestinal ulcers are common side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Safe, cytoprotective strategies are needed to reduce this risk. Specific Bifidobacteria might have cytoprotective activities, but little is known about these effects in humans. We used serial video capsule endoscopy (VCE) to assess the efficacy of a specific Bifidobacterium strain in healthy volunteers exposed to ASA.