Detection of HCV RNA in Sustained Virologic Response to Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents: Occult or Science Fiction?

We read with interest the article by Elmasry et al.1 Among the 9 patients in whom serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels did not normalize despite a sustained virologic response (SVR) 12 weeks after therapy with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents for posttransplant recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, positive- and negative-strand HCV-RNA were detected in 5 patients (55%): 4 (44%) in liver tissue, 2 (22%) in peripheral blood monocytes, and 1 in both. Notably, all 5 patients with the occult HCV infection (OCI) had the unfavorable (TT) genotype for rs12979860 near the interleukin-28B gene.

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