Single cells are the building blocks of tissue systems that determine organ phenotypes, behaviors, and function. Understanding the differences between cell types and their activities might provide us with insights into normal tissue functions, development of disease, and new therapeutic strategies. Although -omic level single cell technologies are a relatively recent development that been used only in laboratory studies, these approaches might eventually be used in the clinic. We review the prospects of applying single cell genome, transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome analyses to gastroenterology and hepatology research.