Intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis contribute to development of diseases in liver and other organs. Physical, immunological, and microbiologic (bacterial, fungal, archaeal, viral, and protozoal) features of the intestine separate its nearly one hundred trillion microbes from the rest of the human body. Failure of any aspect of this barrier can result in translocation of microbes into the blood and sustained inflammatory response that promote liver injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and oncogenic transformation.