In homeostasis, intestinal cell fate is controlled by balanced gradients of morphogen signalling. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway has a physiological, pro-differentiation role, predominantly inferred through previous experimental pathway inactivation. Intestinal regeneration is underpinned by dedifferentiation and cell plasticity, but the signalling pathways that regulate this adaptive reprogramming are not well understood. We assessed the BMP signalling landscape, and investigated the impact and therapeutic potential, of pathway manipulation in homeostasis and regeneration.