Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Classically, HCC develops in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to risk factors especially in the presence of liver cirrhosis. Significant temporal and geographical variations exist for HCC and its etiologies. Over time, the burden of HCC has shifted from the low-moderate to the high sociodemographic index regions, reflecting the transition from viral to non-viral causes. Geographically, the hepatitis viruses predominate as HCC causes in Asia and Africa.