Immunosuppressives (IM) are often used as maintenance therapy to reduce the risk of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vedolizumab (VDZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the α4β7 integrin, has been approved for the treatment of moderately-to-severely active Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to assess the real-world use of IM therapy and compare outcomes in IBD patients with or without a history of IM use, who initiated VDZ treatment in the US.