The use of anti-matter propulsion might be the key to interstellar travel. Anti-matter is basically normal matter that has opposite charges. When matter and anti-matter collide with one another, they annihilate one another and energy is released. Unlike with nuclear fusion, where only 3% of the total mass of the matter is converted into energy, the collision between matter and anti-matter results in the entire mass of the matter and anti-matter being converted into energy. Thus, these reactions are highly efficient.
(Artist rendition of anti-matter propulsion rocket)
A rocket using anti-matter propulsion would work by using energy created from the reactions to superheat liquid hydrogen. This hydrogen would then be funneled through a nozzle and would expand in space, providing thrust. Scientists believe that a rocket powered by anti-matter propulsion would be able to achieve speeds of roughly one third of the speed of light. This would enable us to get to the nearest star system, Alpha Centauri, in roughly 12.5 years. Furthermore, another benefit of using anti-matter propulsion is that it is relatively safe. Unlike with nuclear reactors, anti-matter reactors would not produce any harmful radiation. In the event of an accident during lift-off, only a tiny amount of gamma rays would be released, which would not be harmful.
