Capsule robots represent a challenging paradigm for both research and learning. They embed sensors, actuators, digital intelligence, miniaturized mechanisms, communication systems, and power supply, all in a very small volume. Capsule robots may be autonomous or teleoperated, they can work alone or as a team, and they can be customized to fulfill specific functions. The current field of application is gastrointestinal endoscopy and surgery, with the final goal of enabling a painless procedure and an effective screening technique for early detection of gastrointestinal pathologies.