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1801
The county of Clayborne was established on October 29th, Anderson, Jackson and Roane were established on November 6th.
1803
The counties of Dickson, Rutherford were established on October 25th and Stewart on November 1st.
Cuba – Spanish immigrants from Louisiana arrive after it is sold by the French to the United States.
1806
The counties of Campbell, Overton and White were established on September 11th.
1807
The county of Maury was established on November 16th, Warren on November 26th, Bledsoe and Rhea on November 30th, Bedford and Franklin on December 30th.
1808
Brazil – King John the 7th of Portugal flees from the army of Napoleon I and moves his government to the kingdom of Brazil.
1809
William Blount was named governor of Tennessee from 1809 to 1815.
The county of Humphreys was established on October 19th, Giles and Lincoln on November 14th.
Argentina and Ecuador – Uprisings in Buenos Aires and in Quito.
Bolivia – The first declaration of independence in La Paz is repressed by the Spanish forces.
1810
Mexico—The cry (Grito) for insurrection for independence by the priest Miguel Hidalgo.
Chile, Venezuela and Argentina –Declaration of self-government in Santiago, Caracas and Buenos Aires.
The population of Tennessee increases (since 1800) by 250% from 85,000 to 250,000.
African-Americans now make up 20% of the general population. http://news.rootsweb.com/th/read/FULLER-ELIJAH/2005-10/1129429903
1811
Mexico—Victories of the revolutionaries against the royalists in the battles of Guanajuato, Valladolid and Cerro de las Cruces. But they are defeated in the Battle of Puente de Calderon. The revolutionary leaders are executed.
Paraguay—Declaration of Independence.
Cuba—The Aponte Conspiracy—the abolitionist movement headed by Jose Antonio Aponte.
1812
The relationships between the indigenous and the colonials begins to deteriorate (turn sour) due to the continue violation of treaties and the illegal capture of land. The Indigenous Confederation was headed by Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet. The prophecy was that the earth would tremble and announce the coming struggle that was hoped to have ended with the colonization of the whites and seemed to be confirmed when there was an intense earthquake that impacted Tennessee from the west. The violent seismic event reversed the waters of the Mississippi, creating Reelfoot Lake.
The British government encourages and supplies the Indigenous uprising. In June of this year War is declared against Great Britain.
1813
Argentina—The Constitutional Assembly (Tucumán Congress) declares an official Independence from Spain.
The attack of the Creek Redsticks at Fort Mims (Alabama), where 240 men, women and children died.
Governor William Blount recruits 2500 volunteers that under the command of Andrew Jackson begin a campaign against the Creek. In the final battle at Horseshoe Bend Jackson finally defeats the powerful military of the Creek. Andrew Jackson (now risen to the rank of Major General of the Army of the United States) and his lieutenants William Carrol and Sam Houston gain national prominence.
With the battles of Mobile and Pensacola Jackson succeeds in expelling the British and marches toward New Orleans.
The invention of the cotton gin during this period contributes to the increase of cotton plantations in central Tennessee. With crops that depended on a lot of manual labor, like cotton and tobacco, the demand for slaves increased and by 1830 there were 7 times more slaves west of the Cumberland Plateau than in East Tennessee.
1815
Battle of New Orleans. Jackson definitively defeats General Sir Edward Pakenham who dies on the battlefield along with hundreds of his troops.
Mexico—The priest and General Jose Maria Morelos y Pavón (organizer of the 2nd phase of the revolution) is apprehended in Tezmalaca, prosecuted in Mexico City and executed on the 22nd of December, 1815.
Puerto Rico—Spain promulgates the “Real Cédula de Gracia” that allows Puerto Rico to have international trade.
1816
Argentina—The Tucumán Congress elects Juan Martín Puirredón as Supreme Director, the first head of state in the emerging Argentina.
Chile—Battle of Chacbuco.
1817
The counties of Morgan (October 15), Lawrence (October 21), Marion (November 20) and Wayne (November 24) are established.
Chile—Battle of Maipú.
1818
Jackson campaigns in Florida against the Seminoles.
Spain cedes the territory of Florida to the United States.
A treaty with the Chickasaw Indians by Jackson and Issac Shelby of Kentucky extends the demarcation line of Tennessee to the west until the Mississippi river.
Colombia—Battle of Bocayá.
1819
The panic of 1819. A violent economic depression ruins the majority of banks and individuals.
Elihu Ambree establishes in Jonesboro the first newspaper in the United States that is dedicated to the liberation of slaves. It is called the Manumission Intelligencer and later the “Emancipator.”
Of the 95 already established counties in Tennessee, 36 are formed between 1796 and 1819. Nashville is already one of the principal cities of the Upper South.
80% of the population of Tennessee works in agriculture.
The counties of Hamilton (October 25), Harding and Monroe (November 13) and Shelby (November 24) are established.
Peru—San Martin lands in Pisco, and is named Protector of Peru (1820)
1820
The last Native-Americans are pushed into the south east of the state.
The east of Tennessee transforms into the center of abolition.
The first steam ships arrive in Nashville.
Venezuela—Battle of Carbobo and the Declaration of Independence
Argentina—Bartolomé Mitre—first president born in Argentina
Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Nicaragua declare their independence
Panama—Independence from Spain
They establish the Republic of Great Colombia that includes the territories of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador and part of Brazil
1822
Mexico—The provinces of Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua are annexed by Mexico
Agustín de Iturbide proclaims himself the Emperor of Mexico with the title of Agustine I.
Brazil—Peter the First of Brazil is crowned Emperor.
1823
Peru—Liberation of Peru by Bolivar and Sucre in the battles of Junin and Ayucucho
Chile—Abdication of Bernard O’Higgins. He is exiled to Peru. He promotes a new political constitution.
Mexico—Agustin I is deposed. Guadalupe Victoria is the first constitutional president of the United States of Mexico.
The Federal Republic of Central America—5 provinces, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Costa Rica.
1824
Tennessee begins to emerge into the age of the cultural and intellectual frontier. Nashville transforms into a center of education and arts in the south. The publication of music collected in the period permits the conservation of traditional songs of America.
1825
Bolivia—Declaration of Independence
1826
Nashville becomes the state capital. Knoxville was the capital since 1796.
The general assembly that has met in Murfreesboro since 1812 moves definitively to its current seat in Nashville.
Agriculture continues to be in the predominant industry in Tennessee, contributing food down river to the southern states that were concentrating their production on cotton and had to import their food.
The War between Brazil and Argentina—Rivadavia renounces.
Chile—Invasion of Chiloé Island, Treaty of Tantauco. Spain gives up their last territory in South America, the Republic of Chile.
Argentina—Juan Manuel de Rosas, Governor of the province of Buenos Aires is elected Supreme leader of the Confederation.
1827
Peru—Simon Bolivar is deposed as dictator of Peru
Argentina—In the Battle of Carmen de Patagones, the Argentinian army defeats the Expeditionary Force of the Empire of Brazil on sea and land.
1828
Andrew Jackson is elected President of the United States. Jackson brings a fundamental change to the politics of the White House that had previously been dominated by the aristocracy of Virginia and New England. With Jackson the standard passed to the heroes of the common man. No candidate in the future would be able to be elected president without counting on the support of workers and farmers.
Uruguay—Final independence from Brazil
Colombia—Peru invades the Territory of Colombia—Colombia defeats the Peruvians in the Battle of Portete de Tarqui
Mexico—Vicente Guerrero assumes the post of the 2nd president of Mexico
1829
Ecuador—The city of Guayaquil is occupied by the Peruvian Army for seven months
1830
Colombia—The death of Simon Bolivar. The Federation of Great Colombia dissolves.
Ecuador, Venezuela become independent from the Great Colombia union.
Mexico—Anastacio Bustamante assumes the Presidency of Mexico
Ecuador—Juan Jose Flores, the first president of Ecuador.
1831
Brazil—Peter the First abdicates. Peter the 2nd is crowned Emperor.
1833
Argentina—English forces disembark in the Falkland Islands
1834
La constitución del estado es enmendada. Los negros liberados ya no pueden votar.
Jackson refuses to comply with the decision of the Supreme Court that protects the autonomy of the Cherokee. Georgia continues to allow the evictions and usurpation of their ancestral lands.
A group of Cherokee signs a treaty of extradition, but they oppose giving up their lands. In 1838 the army of the United States is dispatched to evict them. This results in the painful trek—“The Trail of Tears.” A small group of Cherokee refused to obey the forced eradication and escape into the Smoky Mountains. Their descendants still live there.
Peru—Coup d’état and Civil War
1836
David Crockett dies alongside 130 other men in the battle of the Alamo in Texas.
Mexico—Texas defeats Mexico in the Battle of San Jacinto
1840
In this decade, Tennessee becomes the main producer of corn and pigs in the country. The diversification in the agricultural production of Tennessee makes the state the principal provider of foods for the southern states that concentrated their agricultural economy in the production of cotton.
1845
The architect William Strickland of Philadelphia comes to Nashville to design and construct the new state capital.
James K. Polk is elected President of the United States.
1850
Nashville transforms into an important center of education and the arts in the south. Music was already an important field since 1824 that made it possible to conserve the traditional songs of America and the University of Nashville is well known as one of the most prestigious colleges of medicine in the country.
Tennessee still doesn’t possess any railway mileage. The commerce of the state was transported principally by boat or land routes.
1860
More than 1,200 miles of rails had been laid, mainly in eastern Tennessee. The mining industry grows in this area thanks to the railroad that connects it to the east coast.
Abraham Lincoln is elected President. His anti-slavery position is seen in Tennessee as potentially disastrous, especially in West Tennessee where the large capitals had invested in the slave industry. The movement towards secession begins.
