May 2018

VOLCANOES, CAVES, BEACHES, AND FORESTS OF BRAZIL

General information

Instructor:

Guil Gualda
g.gualda@vanderbilt.edu
http://my.vanderbilt.edu/ggualda

Teaching Assistant:

Lydia Harmon
lydia.j.harmon@vanderbilt.edu

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Scope

In this course, we will study Earth and Environmental processes and systems in the field, with an emphasis on field methods. In 2018, the course will be held in Brazil, which will give us the opportunity to study a variety of topics in the Earth and Environmental Sciences, including past volcanic activity, surface geomorphology, cave geology, and human dimensions of conservation, while traveling through various ecosystems of the Brazilian Atlantic forest.

Motivation and goals

Rocks preserve the most extensive record of the evolution of the planet, from which we are able to retrace Earth’s history over 4.5 billion years. Field geology plays a particularly important role in decoding this complex record, but its interpretation requires proper understanding of geologic processes and of the methods of field geology. In this course, we will learn the methods of field geology and will apply them to understand geologic processes related to the assembly of a supercontinent and ultimately to the breakup of South America and Africa caused by the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean some 130 million years ago.

During the course, we will study volcanic supereruptions and their deposits, cave geology and associated underground water systems, and landform evolution since the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean.

Much of the area we will study is covered by the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, which encompasses more than 50,000 species of animals and plants, a biodiversity similar to that of the Amazon. It is also highly threatened, as almost 90% of its area has been converted into crops and cities. We will travel through some of the most pristine portions of the Atlantic rainforest in Brazil, and we will discuss some of the challenges associated with conservation of these areas.

Part of the fieldwork performed during the course will directly contribute to active research projects focusing on the evolution of supereruption-forming magma bodies being pursued by Gualda and graduate students.

Program

The course will start in Florianópolis on May 7 and finish in São Paulo on June 1, 2018. Our itinerary will take us to a few different areas in southern Brazil over the length of the course, and the topical focus will change accordingly:

FAROL DE SANTA MARTA (Santa Catarina State):

a. Introduction to geology: rock types, plate tectonics, magmatism, sedimentation
b. Introduction to field methods

SERRA GERAL (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States):

a. Evolution of the environment over time: from oceans to deserts to volcanic landscapes
b. Volcanism leading to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean: styles of volcanism, evolution of magma bodies at depth, magma eruption processes
c. Field research of supereruption deposits, in connection with project by Gualda’s group on the evolution of magma bodies that lead to supereruptions
d. Araucária Forests of the Highlands in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states

FLORIANÓPOLIS (Santa Catarina State):

Free days mid-course at a island city with beautiful beaches and plenty of activities

BLUMENAU and CURITIBA (Santa Catarina and Paraná States):

a. Construction of a continent: assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent
b. Forests along the steep Serra do Mar escarpment in Paraná state

ALTO RIBEIRA CAVE DISTRICT (São Paulo State):

a. Evolution of karstic landscapes, cave development, and subterranean water systems
b. Highland Rain forests in São Paulo state
c. Human dimensions of conservation, including the history of establishment of a state park and impact on local communities

Evaluation

Course evaluation will be based on participation, field exercises (outcrop descriptions, geologic cross-sections and maps), and oral presentations.

Requisites

There are no prerequisites for this course. Students with all levels of expertise in geology and biology are encouraged to apply. Activities will be adjusted to take into account prior experience and course-work.

Credits

3 credit hours. This course is listed as MNS in AXLE.

Expenses

The course fee includes tuition, lodging, transportation, most meals (depending on the location), and entrance fees to National and State Parks. It does not include airfare from Nashville to Florianópolis or from São Paulo to Nashville, a Brazilian tourist visa, transportation from and to airports, regular meals in major cities, and incidental expenses.