NCPI director Matthew Springer presented expert testimony on the teacher pay for performance movement before the Oklahoma House of Representatives on October 9, 2007. Professor Springer’s testimony focused upon three questions: 1. Why has teacher behavior compensation reform been elevated in policy deliberations?; 2. What are theoretical arguments for and against teacher compensation reform?; and 3. What can we deduce from studies that have evaluated teacher compensation reform policies? Professor Springer concluded that while theory can introduce helpful arguments for consideration, researchers and policymakers must turn to field experimentation and independent appraisal to determine whether teacher compensation policy reform constitutes an effective innovation.